Outlive - Science of Longevity - Peter Attia - Bill Gifford
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Outlive – The Science and Art of Longevity – by Peter Attia and Bill Gifford outlines a new approach in retirement health. The retirement lifestyle framework seeks to both extend human life duration (lifespan) and to enhance quality of life in later years (healthspan). Outlive presents a framework for understanding and pursuing longevity that stands in contrast to traditional medical practice. The central argument of Attia and Gifford revolves around the concept of "Medicine 3.0," which the author proposes is necessary for the current era that is dominated by chronic diseases. This new longevity paradigm shifts the focus from merely treating illness after it occurs and delaying death (characteristic of what he calls "Medicine 2.0") to proactively encouraging retirement health by preventing the major chronic diseases, including retirement diet, that are the leading causes of mortality and functional decline. Attia and Gifford identify primary chronic diseases – “Four Horseman” - responsible for the vast majority of deaths major threats and frames proactive lifestyle and healthcare actions.
BOOKS BY PETER ATTIA OR BILL GIFFORD - OUTLIVE - SCIENCE AND ART OF LONGEVITY
RATINGS FOR OUTLIVE, THE SCIENCE AND ART OF LONGEVITY
Goodreads 4.4/5.0 (80,000 ratings)
Amazon 4.6/5.0 (18,000 ratings)
OUTLIVE - TOP THREE THEMES THAT EXPLAIN SCIENCE OF LONGEVITY
Embracing Proactive Medicine. The book argues for a paradigm-shifting approach to medicine. Instead of waiting until chronic diseases are established or function has declined, the focus should be on preventing them and improving healthspan now. This is called proactive medicine, rather than merely preventive medicine. It also involves treating the patient as a unique individual, using evidence-based medicine to inform decisions specific to them, rather than applying average findings uniformly. This approach, dubbed Medicine 3.0, aims to significantly extend both lifespan and healthspan.
Exercise is the Most Powerful Drug. The book presents a compelling case for exercise, calling it "the most powerful longevity drug". Data strongly suggest that higher levels of aerobic fitness and strength are linked to longer lifespan and healthspan, with the magnitude of this benefit often surprising people. Engaging in even a minimum amount of physical activity is associated with reduced mortality and extended life expectancy. The book encourages training with focus, like preparing for a "Centenarian Decathlon," to become an athlete of life, pretty good at everything rather than great at one thing.
Nutrition Beyond the Diet Wars. The book navigates the often-confinuting world of nutrition by moving beyond tribal diet dogmas and focusing on nutritional biochemistry. It highlights that there is no blanket solution for every person, and the fundamental assumption of a single perfect diet is incorrect. While bad nutrition can be very detrimental, the power of good nutrition to increase lifespan and healthspan may be more limited, especially if one is already metabolically healthy. The core principles are relatively simple: manage calorie intake, ensure sufficient protein and essential fats, get necessary vitamins/minerals, and avoid toxins.
“Longevity demands a paradigm-shifting approach to medicine”
“It’s not “preventive” medicine; it’s proactive medicine”
OUTLIVE – SCIENCE OF LONGEVITY – WELL ARTICULATED, ACTIONABLE KEY THEMES
Medicine 3.0 vs. Medicine 2.0: This fundamental distinction underpins the book's approach. Medicine 2.0 primarily focuses on reacting to and treating existing disease, often measured by simply delaying death. Medicine 3.0, in contrast, is a proactive, preventative approach aimed at extending healthspan by identifying and mitigating the risks of chronic diseases before they manifest or become advanced. It involves a more analytical understanding of risk, cost, and reward for interventions [implied by 15 and discussion of risk assessment in previous answer].
The Four Horsemen: The book frames the challenge of longevity around combating the primary chronic diseases: cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic dysfunction. The strategy for Outliving involves gaining a deep understanding of these diseases and taking proactive steps against them.
Exercise as a Tactic: Exercise is highlighted as perhaps the single most powerful tool for improving both lifespan and healthspan, even referred to as "The Most Powerful Longevity Drug". The author finds the data on the benefits of cardiorespiratory fitness (like high aerobic fitness and VO2 max) and strength compelling, noting the magnitude of their association with longer life. He introduces the concept of training for the "Centenarian Decathlon," focusing on achieving competence across a range of physical abilities needed to function well at age 100. Specific types of training discussed include Zone 2 aerobic training and strength training, emphasizing concepts like stability. However, detailed how-to instructions for exercises are intentionally omitted, stressing that proper technique often requires in-person guidance or video.
Nutrition 3.0: The book's approach to nutrition is grounded in "Nutritional Biochemistry" rather than advocating for specific popular diets or engaging in "diet wars". The author, having previously been associated with low-carb/ketogenic diets, now emphasizes finding the right eating pattern for the individual. A key first principle is often the amount one eats (caloric balance), particularly for those who are overnourished. Strategies for caloric reduction discussed include Calorie Restriction (CR), Dietary Restriction (DR), and Time Restriction (TR, or time-restricted eating/fasting) [implied by 309, 310, 311-316, 317-320, 340-346]. The book discusses the importance of protein intake, suggesting targets significantly higher than the minimum recommended daily allowance, particularly for active individuals. Skepticism is voiced regarding the reliability of much nutritional epidemiology, often tainted by confounding factors like healthy user bias, and the difficulty of drawing causal conclusions from such studies.
Sleep: Sleep is recognized as a critical tactical domain. The book underscores its importance for both physical and cognitive function. Poor sleep is linked to various negative health outcomes, including impaired glucose tolerance, reduced insulin sensitivity, increased cortisol, higher free fatty acids, and increased risk of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. It is also crucial for brain health, playing a role in memory consolidation (especially REM sleep) and the glymphatic system, which clears metabolic waste like amyloid-beta and tau (proteins associated with Alzheimer's). Sleep disturbances are presented as potential drivers for neurodegenerative diseases. While acknowledging no "magic bullet" exists [previous answer], the book touches on assessing sleep habits and strategies for improving sleep hygiene, such as avoiding alcohol and electronics before bed.
Emotional Health: This is included as a vital component of longevity and healthspan. The book highlights that Medicine 2.0 often treats mental health with a similar diagnose-and-prescribe model as physical illness, which may not provide a complete solution. The author shares personal reflections on dealing with emotional struggles, such as anger and self-doubt, and concepts like reframing situations or distinguishing between "résumé virtues" and "eulogy virtues". This suggests the book delves into the psychological and emotional work necessary for overall well-being and the pursuit of a meaningful, long life.
PERSPECTIVE OF PETER ATTIA AND BILL GIFFORD, AUTHORS OF OUTLIVE - ART AND SCIENCE OF LONGEVITY
Peter Attia's perspective is one of a continuous learner and experimenter. He emphasizes that the understanding of biology is constantly evolving ("Living systems are messy... and complex, and our understanding... is constantly evolving"), and that the best one can hope for is reducing uncertainty. His clinical practice ("Early Medical" is mentioned) serves as a testing ground for these ideas, and he notes that he and his patients are constantly "tinkering, experimenting, switching things up". He views the book as an "operating manual", reflecting his practical, engineering-like approach to optimizing health.
Attia's background significantly shapes the book's content and perspective. His journey is described as evolving from a traditional medical training focused on acute problems and treating disease to a deep immersion in longevity research and proactive health. He notes his early career in areas like surgical oncology and later finance (where he was involved in risk assessment), which informs his analytical, data-driven approach to risk in health.
His personal health struggles, including his own experience with metabolic syndrome and obesity ("Not-Thin Peter"), and his exploration of diets like the ketogenic diet, lend a layer of personal credibility and empathy to his writing on nutrition and metabolic health. This journey seemingly contributed to his shift from dogmatism to a more individualized approach.
The book explicitly mentions the collaborative nature of its creation. Bill Gifford is the co-author, described as Attia's "translator" who helped make the complex scientific subject matter accessible and readable while retaining nuance. The book also relies heavily on the research and fact-checking efforts of a dedicated team, including Bob Kaplan, Vin Miller, Rachel Harrus, and Kathryn Birkenbach, as well as feedback from numerous experts in various fields like neurodegenerative diseases, sleep, cancer, and nutrition. This highlights Attia's reliance on rigorous research and expert consultation to inform his perspective.
“Exercise: The Most Powerful Longevity Drug”
“Prepare for the Centenarian Decathlon.”
OUTLIVE USES A COMPREHENSIVE, EVIDENCED APPROACH TO OUTLINE LONGEVITY AS PART OF RETIREMENT LIFESTYLE
Comprehensive Framework: The book offers a structured and comprehensive framework for understanding longevity by defining the Objective (Outlive), Strategy (addressing the Four Horsemen), and Tactics (Exercise, Nutrition, Sleep, Emotional Health). This provides readers with a clear model for thinking about a complex topic.
Focus on Healthspan: Beyond merely extending years of life, the book strongly emphasizes improving healthspan – the quality of life as one ages. This focus resonates with many people's desire not just to live long, but to live well.
Science-Informed, Analytical Approach: Attia grounds his recommendations in scientific data, referencing studies and explaining biochemical concepts. His background, including in risk assessment, contributes to an analytical perspective that aims to reduce uncertainty and understand the nuances of research findings, like the trade-offs in diagnostic testing or the limitations of nutritional epidemiology. The extensive notes and citations provided in the source excerpts suggest a commitment to supporting claims with research.
Accessibility: Despite tackling complex scientific subjects, the book aims to be "readable and accessible to a broader audience". The collaboration with co-author Bill Gifford, described as a "translator", is a deliberate effort to achieve this. The use of analogies, such as the car accident intersection analogy, or comparing the book's structure to a roadmap, also aids accessibility.
Integration of Multiple Domains: The book's strength lies in integrating distinct but interconnected areas like exercise, nutrition, sleep, and emotional health into a single longevity strategy. It avoids the trap of focusing on just one "superfood" or "magic bullet" approach often found in other longevity books.
Emphasis on Patient Empowerment: Rather than offering a passive prescription, the book empowers readers to take ownership of their health. By providing a framework for how to think about tactics and encouraging individual iteration and feedback, it promotes a more engaged and sustainable approach.
Personal Voice: Attia weaves in his personal experiences and reflections, including his health journey, professional challenges, and emotional insights. This makes the book more relatable and underscores the personal nature of the longevity quest.
THE SCIENTIFIC, CONCEPTUAL EXPLANATION OF LONGEVITY MAY NOT APPEAL TO SOME READERS
Lack of Specific Prescriptions: The author is explicit that the book is not a step-by-step guide or a blanket solution. He avoids providing highly granular exercise routines or specific dietary plans. While this is intentional and aligns with his philosophy of individualization and empowering the reader to figure out what works for them based on principles, readers looking for a simple, detailed plan to follow might find this frustrating. The author notes that providing such detail in a book is difficult to do safely or accurately due to the need for individual feedback, and that specific techniques like the hip-hinge are better learned in person or via video.
Complexity of Science: Although the author and co-author aim for accessibility, the underlying science is complex. Concepts like nutritional biochemistry, the Warburg effect, or Mendelian randomization require a degree of focus. Readers who are completely new to these topics may still find some sections challenging despite the efforts to simplify.
Skepticism Regarding Nutritional Research: The book expresses strong skepticism towards much of the existing nutritional epidemiology, labeling it "a scandal" and heavily influenced by healthy user bias. While this critical perspective is presented as necessary for discerning signal from noise, it might leave some readers feeling adrift in the face of conflicting information, as the author acknowledges the confusion surrounding topics like nutrition.
Length and Depth: The author mentions the book was "already too long" before omitting some detailed descriptions. This suggests the book is substantial, which could be perceived as a barrier by readers seeking a concise overview rather than a deep dive into the science and strategies.
“Nutrition is relatively simple, actually”
“Nutritional epidemiology is a scandal”
WHO SHOULD READ OUTLIVE – THE SCIENCE AND ART OF LONGEVITY?
The book is primarily aimed at lay readers who are interested in understanding the science behind longevity and proactively improving their healthspan and lifespan. It is likely to appeal to individuals who feel dissatisfied with the reactive approach of traditional Medicine 2.0 and are looking for a more preventative, proactive model. They are likely willing to become active, informed participants in their health journey – seeking to understand the “why” behind health strategies, not just the "how-to". They may be curious about the scientific evidence underpinning various health recommendations related to exercise, nutrition, sleep, and emotional well-being. They may appreciate a framework and principles rather than expecting rigid, one-size-fits-all instructions.
While the author aims for accessibility, the depth and scientific references suggest it would particularly resonate with readers who are comfortable engaging with complex information and critically evaluating scientific claims, especially in the realm of nutrition. It is likely less suited for someone seeking a quick, simple diet plan or exercise routine without wanting to understand the underlying principles.
HOW DOES OUTLIVE – THE SCIENCE AND ART OF LONGEVITY – COMPARE TO OTHER BOOKS ON RETIREMENT HEALTH AND RETIREMENT LIFESTYLE?
The provided sources do not explicitly compare Outlive to other specific books in the longevity space. The author notes the existence of "warehouses full of books that purport to have the answers" about tactics like diet and exercise and the "forty thousand diet books on Amazon", implying that Outlive aims to be different from these by focusing on a framework and underlying principles rather than specific, dogmatic prescriptions. He references other books like Siddhartha Mukherjee's The Emperor of All Maladies (on cancer), David Brooks's The Road to Character (on emotional/personal development), and Bill Gifford's Spring Chicken (presumably on aging), but these are cited for specific points or connections rather than presented as direct comparisons to Outlive's overall scope and framework. Outlive – the art and science of longevity – may be differentiated from other health books for the following reasons:
The Medicine 3.0 Framework: The core distinction is the book's central thesis of shifting from reactive Medicine 2.0 to proactive Medicine 3.0 to combat chronic disease and extend healthspan. This framework is presented as a fundamental rethinking of how we approach health in the modern era.
Objective, Strategy, Tactics Structure: The clear, hierarchical structure provides a unique roadmap that guides the reader from the ultimate goal (Outlive) through the means (addressing the Four Horsemen) to the actionable steps (Exercise, Nutrition, Sleep, Emotional Health). This systematic approach helps organize the vast and often confusing information related to longevity.
Emphasis on Healthspan and Lifespan: While many books focus on simply living longer, Outlive places equal, if not greater, importance on maintaining the quality of life – the healthspan – as lifespan increases. This dual focus is central to the book's definition of Outliving.
Integration of Science, Clinical Experience, and Personal Journey: The book attempts to blend rigorous scientific evidence (drawing on research and expert consultation), insights from the author's clinical practice, and relatable personal anecdotes. This combination offers a multifaceted perspective.
Focus on "How to Think" over "What to Do": The explicit decision not to provide strict, universal prescriptions sets it apart from many "how-to" health books. Instead, it aims to provide readers with the tools and principles to determine the best approach for their individual circumstances.
Critical Evaluation of Evidence: The book's strong stance on evaluating scientific evidence, particularly its skepticism towards weak epidemiological studies in nutrition, encourages readers to adopt a more critical and discerning perspective on health information.
OUTLIVE - SCIENCE AND ART LONGEVITY - PETER ATTIA - BILL GIFFORD - RETIREMENT LIFESTYLE - CONCLUSION
The Science and Art of Longevity by Peter Attia and Bill Gifford appears to be a thoughtful and comprehensive exploration of how individuals can take a proactive approach to extending not just their lifespan, but critically, their healthspan. It proposes a necessary paradigm shift from traditional, reactive medical care to a preventative "Medicine 3.0" model focused on combating chronic diseases. By outlining a clear Objective, Strategy, and set of Tactical domains (Exercise, Nutrition, Sleep, and Emotional Health), the book offers readers a robust framework for understanding and navigating their own health journeys. While it intentionally avoids providing rigid prescriptions, aiming instead to empower readers to "think" for themselves and iterate based on individual feedback, its strength lies in its science-informed approach, critical evaluation of evidence, and integration of multiple facets of health. For the engaged reader willing to delve into the principles rather than just follow a checklist, Outlive seems poised to be an insightful guide in the complex pursuit of living longer and living better.
“There is no blanket solution for every person”
“Understanding how to discern signal from noise”
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT OUTLIVE - LONGEVITY SCIENCE - PETER ATTIA
What exactly is "Medicine 3.0," and how is it different from current medical practice?
The book introduces the concept of Medicine 3.0 as a paradigm shift needed to address the age of chronic disease. The author contrasts it with what he calls Medicine 2.0.
Medicine 2.0 is largely focused on staving off death and treating disease after it has taken hold. It often approaches risk more emotionally than analytically. It can sometimes be rigid, potentially discarding therapies based on one clinical trial rather than understanding nuances. In Medicine 2.0, the patient is often a passive passenger on the ship of their health journey.
Medicine 3.0, in contrast, directs efforts toward preventing chronic diseases and improving healthspan. Healthspan, the quality of life as we age, is a concept that barely existed when the author went to medical school, where topics like exercise, sleep, and nutrition received minimal attention. Medicine 3.0 pays far more attention to maintaining this healthspan. It emphasizes an analytical understanding of risk versus reward versus cost for interventions, considering how an individual patient's unique mix of symptoms and risk factors compares to populations studied in clinical trials. This approach is described as proactive medicine, aiming to intervene before disease or functional decline occurs. Critically, Medicine 3.0 demands much more from the patient, who must be well-informed, medically literate, clear about their goals, and willing to make changes and confront problems rather than ignoring them. In this model, the patient is the captain of the ship.
What are the main areas of focus or "tactics" the book covers to help readers achieve longevity?
The book uses a framework of Objective, Strategy, and Tactics. The objective is to Outlive, meaning to live longer and live better by extending both lifespan and healthspan. The strategy involves addressing the chronic diseases that are the primary causes of death. The tactics are the actionable steps taken to support this strategy.
Part III of the book, titled "Thinking Tactically," outlines the key areas that contribute to longevity. While the author states he won't provide a step-by-step plan or blanket solution for everyone, he discusses building a framework for managing specific domains. Based on the chapter titles and descriptions, these key areas are:
Exercise: Described as "The Most Powerful Longevity Drug". The author finds the data on its benefits persuasive, showing high aerobic fitness and strength are associated with longer lifespan and healthspan. He discusses training for the "Centenarian Decathlon," which is about being good at a range of physical abilities. This section covers aerobic training (like Zone 2) and strength training, including concepts like eccentric loading and hip-hinging.
Stability: Relearning how to move to prevent injury is a key concept. Stability is presented as an integral part of the training program.
Nutrition: The approach, labeled "Nutrition 3.0," focuses on nutritional biochemistry rather than prescribing specific diets. The author aims to help readers determine the best eating pattern for themselves. Core questions addressed include whether someone is undernourished or overnourished, and metabolically healthy or not. The discussion revolves around three strategies for caloric reduction for those who are overnourished: Calorie Restriction (CR), Dietary Restriction (DR) (eating less of certain things), and Time Restriction (TR) (restricting eating times). The author notes he is no longer a dogmatic advocate of any particular diet but seeks feedback to determine what works individually.
Sleep: Addressed as a critical factor, although there is noted to be "still no pharmacological magic bullet for sleep". The author stresses the importance of sleep quality and quantity for multiple dimensions of health. Steps discussed include recognizing the need for sufficient sleep, assessing current sleep habits (potentially using trackers or questionnaires), mentally preparing for sleep, and addressing issues like insomnia or sleep apnea.
Emotional Health: This is presented as another crucial domain. The author shares personal experiences related to managing anger and self-doubt, highlighting the importance of addressing inner struggles.
Is this book a step-by-step guide that tells me exactly what diet to follow or how to exercise?
No, the author explicitly states that this book is not a "how-to" guide that tells you exactly what to do or provides a blanket solution for every person. While it presents a framework and discusses specific tactical domains like exercise, nutrition, sleep, and emotional health, the intent is to help you learn how to think about doing these things.
The author explains that providing very granular exercise, dietary, or lifestyle advice requires individual feedback and iteration, which cannot be safely or accurately accomplished in a book. For example, in the nutrition section, he avoids prescribing a specific diet or taking sides in diet wars, instead focusing on biochemical evidence and helping you determine the best eating pattern for yourself. He stresses that your personal tactics should never be static and must evolve based on your situation, uncertainties, and new scientific understanding. When discussing specific exercises, like the hip-hinge, he notes that learning the proper technique is often best done in person or via video, not just descriptions in a book. His goal is to empower readers to take action and do the necessary work, rather than blindly following a prescription.
How does the book approach Cancer as one of the major threats to longevity?
Cancer is identified in the book as one of the "Four Horsemen," which are the chronic diseases that account for the majority of deaths. The author's strategy for Outliving involves specifically addressing these diseases.
To counter cancer, the book's approach involves deeply understanding how these diseases begin, how they progress, and what risk factors or underlying factors they share. It also examines cutting-edge treatment methods for advanced cases to inform prevention strategies. The sources mention that genetics play a role in cancer development, discussing genetic mutations found in cancer cells .
The book delves into the metabolic aspects of cancer, noting the "Warburg effect," where cancer cells accelerate glucose uptake to fuel their growth. This process is facilitated by enzymes called PI3-kinases (PI3K). When activated by insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), PI3K helps the cell "devour glucose" rapidly for growth, suggesting insulin can act as a "cancer enabler".
Regarding intervention, the sources touch upon potential strategies, including newer treatments like immunotherapy and CAR-T cell therapy. Early detection is also discussed as a strategy for cancer, with mention of the Galleri test (Grail test) being validated.
What is the book's perspective on the role of Genetics in longevity?
The book explicitly discusses genetics as a factor in longevity. One specific gene highlighted is FOXO3. Multiple studies of centenarians worldwide have identified FOXO3 as a possible longevity gene, with certain variants appearing directly relevant to human longevity. Genetic analyses have found single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), or variants, in FOXO3 that are strongly associated with healthy aging and longevity. Notably, these mutations have been observed in long-lived populations across various ethnic groups and geographical locations, making FOXO3 one of the few genes linked to longevity across multiple groups. The activation of FOXO is also noted as being accelerated by a lack of nutrients.
Another gene discussed is APOE, specifically its e2, e3, and e4 variants, in the context of Alzheimer's disease. The APOE e4 variant is identified as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Studies show children carrying APOE e4 can have higher levels of neuroinflammation, although higher vitamin D levels have been correlated with better memory in individuals with the e4/e4 genotype. The sources also reference studies on APOE alleles and extreme human longevity.
Additionally, the sources mention that rare genetic variants in genes like APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 can increase the risk for Alzheimer's in families with late-onset disease. These mutations are described as very rare. The book also references Mendelian randomization studies, which use naturally occurring genetic variations to infer causal relationships.
How does the book explain the importance of Sleep for longevity?
Sleep is presented as one of the five key tactical domains in the Medicine 3.0 framework for improving health. The author points out that sleep's importance has been underappreciated in traditional medical practice (Medicine 2.0) until relatively recently. The book emphasizes the crucial role of both the quality and quantity of sleep for overall health.
The sources detail several ways sleep impacts health and longevity. Poor or insufficient sleep can impair both physical and cognitive performance and is linked to decreased reaction time. Sleep loss has cumulative effects on neurobehavioral functions.
Metabolically, sleep is critical. Sleep restriction has been shown to increase free fatty acids in healthy men. Short sleep duration is associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Research indicates that short sleep can lead to impaired glucose tolerance, reduced insulin sensitivity, and increased evening cortisol levels. Sleep loss can also cause glucose to be released.
For brain health, REM sleep is highlighted as being particularly helpful for emotional memory and processing emotional information. Sleep deprivation impairs the brain's ability to discriminate social threat. Sleep is also vital for the glymphatic system, which helps clear waste products from the brain, including proteins like amyloid-beta and tau that are associated with Alzheimer's disease. Sleep disruptions and poor sleep are potential drivers for Alzheimer's, and one study linked poor sleep quality to lower total gray matter volume, while superior quality sleep was associated with higher volume. Insomnia is common and linked to a greater risk of Alzheimer's.
While acknowledging there is "still no pharmacological magic bullet for sleep", the book mentions various approaches and considerations, including assessing sleep habits (potentially using tools like the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), newer sleep medications like daridorexant, and older options like benzodiazepines. It also notes that non-natural lighting can affect chronobiology and melatonin, and alcohol before bed can impair memory.
“We must renounce our addiction to chronic sleep deprivation”
“Trauma means experienced moments of perceived helplessness”
ABOUT PETER ATTIA AND BILL GILLFORD, AUTHORS OUTLIVE SCIENCE AND ART OF LONGEVITY
Peter Attia, MD, is the founder of Early Medical, a medical practice that applies the principles of Medicine 3.0 to patients with the goal of simultaneously lengthening their lifespan and increasing their healthspan. He is the host of The Drive, one of the most popular podcasts covering the topics of health and medicine. He is also the author of the #1 New York Times Bestseller, Outlive: The Science and Art of Longevity.
Dr. Attia received his medical degree from the Stanford University School of Medicine and trained for five years at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in general surgery, where he was the recipient of several prestigious awards, including resident of the year. He spent two years at the National Institutes of Health as a surgical oncology fellow at the National Cancer Institute, where his research focused on immune-based therapies for melanoma.
Bill Gifford is a veteran journalist and author of the New York Times bestseller Spring Chicken: Stay Young Forever (Or Die Trying). His work has appeared in Outside, Scientific American, Bloomberg Businessweek, Men’s Health, and numerous other publications.
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